Thursday, 14 February 2019

MEI Online #431

Hello Everyone,

It's not too late to send in abstracts for Computational Modelling '19 and Physical Separation '19, but Barry is starting to put the programmes together so be quick! If you would like to submit an abstract, please contact Barry to let him know.

If you are coming to Falmouth this June, and have the chance to stay over the weekend, then you may want to take part in the Walking with Poldark tour organised by Cornish Lithium Ltd on Saturday 15 June, before spending the evening in one of Falmouth's pubs listening to some nautical tunes at the Falmouth International Sea Shanty Festival.

Best regards,
Amanda
linkedin.com/amandawills
facebook.com/MEIConferences
Twitter @MEIChat

Flotation '19



Minerals Engineering Conferences
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* Final Call for Papers: Computational Modelling '19
* Final Call for Papers: Physical Separation '19
* Call for Papers: Flotation '19
* First Announcement: Comminution '20
* First Announcement: Biomining '20
* First Announcement: Sustainable Minerals '20
* First Announcement: Hi-Tech Metals '20
* First Announcement: Process Mineralogy '20

Analytical Techniques & Applied Mineralogy
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* First Announcement: Process Mineralogy '20
* FLSmidth Acquires IMP Automation Group
* Recently Refereed Publication:
Minerals Engineering Vol.130
Analytical Techniques & Applied Mineralogy is sponsored by FEI

Biotechnology
~~~~~~~~~
* First Announcement: Biomining '20 * Recently Refereed Publication:
Minerals Engineering Vol.130

Comminution
~~~~~~~~~
* First Announcement: Comminution '20
* CEEC’s Global Reach Boosted by New Directors and Advocates
* Recently Refereed Publications:
Minerals Engineering Vol.130
Journal of Cleaner Production Vol.211

Comminution is sponsored by Russell Mineral Equipment

Computer Applications
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* Final Call for Papers: Computational Modelling '19

Electrometallurgy
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* Recently Refereed Publication:
Hydrometallurgy Vol.183

Environmental Issues
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* First Announcement: Sustainable Minerals '20 * MGX Minerals Announces Oilsands Lithium Extraction and Wastewater Treatment System Deployments
* Natural Resources: First Agreement Between BRGM and University of Cape Town
* Vale Investing US$390 Million in Implementation of Dry Stacking Tailings Disposal Tech from 2020
* Responsible Mining: Evidently not in Minas Gerais
* Vale Looks to Decommission Upstream Tailings Dams Following Brumadinho Breach
* Recently Refereed Publication:
Journal of Cleaner Production Vol.211

Froth Flotation
~~~~~~~~~~
* Call for Papers: Flotation '19
* Recently Refereed Publications:
Minerals Engineering Vol.130
Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects Vol.564

Froth Flotation is sponsored by FLSmidth

General Minerals Engineering
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* Conference Announcement: Mineral Engineering Conference MEC 2019
* How Portable Processing is Shaking up Mineral Beneficiation

Gravity Concentration
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* Final Call for Papers: Physical Separation '19

Hydrometallurgy
~~~~~~~~~~~
* First Announcement: Biomining '20
* Maelgwyn Minerals’ Leachox Refractory Gold Process hits the Gold Standard
* Recently Refereed Publications:
Hydrometallurgy Vol.183
Minerals Engineering Vol.130
Journal of Cleaner Production Vol.211

Magnetic/Electrical Separation
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* Final Call for Papers: Physical Separation '19

Materials Handling
~~~~~~~~~~~~
* Weir Minerals Enhances Pump Maintenance with Adjustment Technology

Pyrometallurgy
~~~~~~
* Recently Refereed Publication:
Minerals Engineering Vol.130

Reagents
~~~~~~
* Recently Refereed Publications:
Hydrometallurgy Vol.183
Minerals Engineering Vol.130

Reagents is sponsored by Axis House

Sizing, Classification & Sorting
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* Final Call for Papers: Physical Separation '19

Solid-Liquid Separation
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* Final Call for Papers: Physical Separation '19

Solid-Liquid Separation is sponsored by FLSmidth

Plant Operations
~~~~~~~~~~~
* Outotec to Deliver Filtration Technology for a Lithium Processing Plant in Australia
* Trafigura JV to Build $2.8bn Metal Smelter in Saudi Arabia

Plant Operations News Australasia is sponsored by Magotteaux

Plant Operations News Europe is sponsored by Holman-Wilfley

People News
~~~~~~~~
* Join the Minerals Engineers LinkedIn Group
People News Australia is sponsored by JKMRC & JKTech

Commodities
~~~~~~~~~
New items in:
* Aluminium - Refereed Publications
* Antimony - Refereed Publications
* Arsenic - Refereed Publications
* Calcium Carbonate - Refereed Publications
* Copper - Refereed Publications
* Germanium - Refereed Publications
* Gold - News
* Gold - Refereed Publications
* Indium - Refereed Publications
* Iron - Refereed Publications
* Lead - Refereed Publications
* Lithium - Refereed Publications
* Manganese - Refereed Publications
* Molybdenum - Refereed Publications
* Nickel - Refereed Publications
* Phosphates - Refereed Publications
* Rare Earths & Thorium - Refereed Publications
* Rhenium - Refereed Publications
* Silver - Refereed Publications
* Uranium - Refereed Publications
* Zinc - Refereed Publications



Monday, 11 February 2019

An invitation to 'Walk with Poldark' after Physical Separation '19

Cornwall has a very rich mining heritage, once being the world's largest producer of copper, and then tin. Life in the deep mines of the 19th century was extremely arduous, but the skills that the hard-rock miners acquired led Cornwall to be regarded as the ‘birthplace of modern mining’.

In Cornish mining's heyday in the mid-19th century, upgrading of ore, particularly of the tin ores, was achieved by physical separation methods, hand sorting and simple gravity techniques, the only available methods at the time. So it is appropriate that MEI's Physical Separation '19 will be held in Cornwall, Falmouth being only 8 miles from the Gwennap Parish, once the "richest square mile on earth" due to its abundant copper deposits.

On the final afternoon of Physical Separation '19 delegates will be coached 13 miles for a short visit to the ruins of Wheal Peevor in the historic Camborne-Redruth area (see posting of 1st July 2018).
On Saturday June 15th, delegates and partners staying on in Falmouth are invited to join the Walking with Poldark tour, organised by Cornish Lithium Ltd, a wonderful 6 mile walk on Cornwall’s rugged north coast, in the area where most of the mining scenes for the BBC series Poldark were filmed.
We will be picked up from the Falmouth Maritime Museum on Saturday morning and coached the 35 miles to the extreme west of Cornwall, passing through the town of Penzance.

The walk commences at the old Geevor Tin Mine, passing Levant Mine, then proceeds along the coast to the famous Crowns engine houses at Botallack, passing the ruins of the ‘buddles’, stamps and arsenic works and the ruin of the Wheal Owles engine house, where most of the mining activity in the TV series was filmed. This is the area of Cornwall’s submarine mines, which worked far out under the Atlantic Ocean.

Levant Mine
Crowns Engine Houses, Botallack
The remains of the Botallack arsenic works
West Wheal Owles
We will then continue to Cape Cornwall, where the coach will be waiting for us to take us to Zennor for lunch in the local inn.

Approaching Cape Cornwall
In the afternoon it is hoped to arrange an underground tour of an old 19th century tin mine. I will post more details of this when available.

There will be a nominal fee of £25 for this day out, collectable on the coach. Book your place here.

I have walked this stretch of coastline many times and can vouch for it being an opportunity much too good to be missed if you are able to stay on after the conference.

Updates on Physical Separation '19 can be found at #PhysicalSeparation19.

Friday, 8 February 2019

The 2019 Canadian Mineral Processors Conference

The Canadian Mineral Processors (CMP) conference is held every year in the same location, the Westin Hotel in Ottawa. It is one of the world's largest gatherings of mineral processors, mainly representing Canada, but many other countries also participate.
As in previous years, if you attended this conference, held between January 22-24, I would like your views, and photos would be most appreciated.
 
John Starkey, of Starkey & Associates, Canada, gets the ball rolling, I hope, with this short note:
The Conference was well set up and ran smoothly by the Executive Committee with Stephanie Vo looking after the technical program.   There were just short of 600 delegates attending (about 587 was the last number I heard).  A mini schedule on a single folded up page made it easy to decide which papers to attend and which could be skipped for a meeting, at a glance.
My impression was that there were many more people from operating companies attending than usual, and that the quality of papers offered was very high and extremely interesting, because of the projects that were discussed.
A new initiative introduced by the board was for Erin Bobicki (Mineral Processing Professor at University of Toronto), to set up a poster competition to get more student involvement.  There were 15 posters presented and I was one of 15 judges, each of whom was responsible to evaluate four posters.  The award was presented at the banquet on Wednesday evening.
Two well-known members of our society, who passed away last year,  Ken Major and Klaus Konigsmann, were recognised at the banquet. Klaus was an icon, because of his mentorship abilities, and his senior influence and leadership as part of the Noranda organization. 
 
This posting will be updated if further views are received.

Tuesday, 5 February 2019

The MEI Blog: 10 years old today

Just over 10 years ago, when Jon suggested that MEI should have a blog, I had to Google to find out what a blog was. It sounded like a good idea, but I didn't take it too seriously, and the first posting, reporting the rare sight of snow in Falmouth, was published 10 years ago today, to an audience of absolutely zero. I persevered and gradually the page views increased, soon to 100, then with champagne corks popping when we reached 1000 per month!  Hard to believe that 10 years on page views are consistently over 20,000 per month, and writing the posts has now become a major part of my journalistic life.
I have to say that I have found it a very rewarding endeavour; I have learned a lot by my researches and from the interactive comments received via the postings. I have particularly enjoyed writing about and photographing people, and in doing so have caught up with many old friends and colleagues from the past. I also greatly appreciate the (mostly) positive comments that I receive verbally when travelling around the world, and that many of you appreciate the travelogues that I often publish after these visits.
I never know what to expect when I publish a post. Some that I think will generate much interest don't, and some go through the roof with no real apparent reason (to me anyway).
Here is a list of the 10 most popular posts to date:
Number 1 is Are these WASET conferences just a scam?, published on April 28th, 2013, which now has almost 54,000 views, and 120 comments.
Following this are:
Return to Chingola (12th August 2012)


I hope to be blogging for at least the next 10 years, and as always please do add your comments, which I greatly appreciate.

Twitter @barrywills

Thursday, 31 January 2019

Responsible mining: evidently not in Minas Gerais

Last week's tailings dam breach at the Córrego do Feijão  iron ore mine in Brumadinho, near Belo Horizonte in Minas Gerais state in Brazil, is not only an appalling human tragedy but also a major setback to the international mining industry's bid to improve its image and to promote responsible and sustainable mining.
(Source: Wikipedia)
The Córrego do Feijão mine is one of four in Vale's Paraoeba complex, which includes two processing plants. The complex produced 26 million tonnes of iron ore in 2017, or about 7 percent of Vale's output, with Córrego do Feijão accounting for 7.8 million tonnes.
There have been many tailings dam breaches over the past decades, but Minas Gerais has the worst record, too many serious accidents involving burst tailings dams having occurred in this area. In 2014 three workers were killed when a barrier gave way at a dam belonging to Herculano Mineração, an iron ore mining company. In 2007 heavy rains caused the Mineração Rio Pomba Cataguases bauxite mine to burst leaving 5,000 homeless. In 2001 five workers at the Mineração Rio Verde Ltda iron ore mine were killed when the tailings dam failed.
But only three years ago the Bento Rodrigues dam disaster of November 5, 2015 was then the worst environmental disaster in Brazil's history, killing 19 people when the Fundão iron ore containment dam failed and released 60 million cubic meters of iron ore waste. The mine was operated by Samarco, a joint venture between Vale and BHP.
It is estimated that between one and four breaches occur each year at tailings dams world-wide, roughly 10 times the failure rate of water dams. The largest tailings dams, at copper mines high in the Peruvian Andes, are colossal, already as tall as the Hoover Dam and have permits to rise even further. Unlike water retention dams, a tailings dam is raised in succession throughout the life of the particular mine. Typically, a base or starter dam is constructed, and as it fills with a mixture of tailings and water, it is raised.
The disposal of tailings adds to the production costs so it is necessary to make disposal as cheap and as safe as possible. This requirement led initially to the development of the once commonly used upstream method of tailings dam construction, so named because the centerline of the dam moves upstream into the pond. In this method, a small starter dam is placed at the extreme downstream point and the dam wall is progressively raised on the upstream side. The tailings are discharged by spigoting off the top of the starter dike and, when the initial pond is nearly filled, the dyke is raised and the cycle repeated. Various methods are used to raise the dam; material may be taken from the dried surface of the previously deposited tailings and the cycle repeated, or more commonly, the wall may be built from the coarse fraction of the tailings, separated out by cyclones, or spigots, the fines being directed into the pond.
The upstream method of construction
The main advantages of the upstream construction are the low cost and the speed with which the dam can be raised by each successive dike increment. The method suffers from the disadvantage that the dam wall is built on the top of previously deposited unconsolidated slimes retained behind the wall. There is a limiting height to which this type of dam can be built before failure occurs and the tailings flow out and, because of this, the upstream method of construction is now less commonly used.
Most modern large dams are now constructed using the downstream method, which evolved as a result of efforts to devise methods for constructing larger and safer tailings dams. This method produces safer dams both in terms of static and seismic loading. It is essentially the reverse of the upstream method, in that as the dam wall is raised, the centerline shifts downstream, and the dam remains founded on coarse tailings  Most procedures involve the use of cyclones to produce sand for the dam construction. Downstream dam building is the only method that permits design and construction of tailings dams to acceptable engineering standards. All tailings dams in seismic areas, and all major dams, regardless of their location, should be constructed using some form of the downstream method. The major disadvantage of the technique is the large amount of sand required to raise the dam wall. It may not be possible, especially in the early stages of operation, to produce sufficient sand volumes to maintain the crest of the tailings dam above the rising pond levels. In such cases, either a higher starter dam is required or the sand supply must be augmented with borrowed fill, such procedures increasing the cost of tailings disposal.
The downstream method of construction
Several major failures have involved tailings dams constructed with the upstream method. The subsequent enquiry into the Bento Rodrigues disaster identified that the Fundao dam was constructed using the higher risk upstream method, and sands fractions of tailings were used in the embankment construction. In this case, construction defects in the starter dam, combined with insufficient control of the deposition of sands and slimes fractions over several years left an embankment susceptible to failure. To avoid failure, upstream embankments require considerable control over placement of sand and slimes fractions into the tailings storage facility, and limits to the rate at which the embankment is built up to ensure proper compaction and drainage. Some countries, such as Chile, ban the upstream method due to unacceptable risk of failure especially due to earthquakes. 
The upstream method was also used to construct the dam at Córrego do Feijão , which began taking tailings in 1976 and was closed down three years ago.
Two days ago, although Vale had not confirmed why the dam had collapsed, the company announced that it would decommission all 10 of its tailings dams built using the upstream method, all of which are inactive (MEI Online). Vale says that the decommissioning of the upstream dams will be done safely and quickly, and the company will temporarily halt the production of the units where the structures are located. The operation of the halted units will be resumed as soon as the decommissioning works are completed.
Mining companies have a huge responsibility to design and maintain their dams to acceptable standards. Feed to the dams is from the mineral processing operations, so how can mineral processors do their bit?
Water conservation is now of paramount importance, and as much water as possible is now recycled to the mill, often aided by paste thickening, thus increasing tailings density and reducing the volume of tailings directed to the dams, as well as changing the rheology and the likelihood of failure.
Significant safety improvement with the risk of catastrophic dam failure and tailings runout being eliminated can be achieved by 'dry stacking' where the tailings are dewatered, by vacuum or pressure filtration, to a higher degree than paste, and are then transported by conveyor or truck, deposited, spread and compacted to form a stable deposit.  Dry stack facilities are particularly suited to areas of high seismic activity and areas where there is limited construction material to develop a conventional retention impoundment. Although more expensive than conventional methods of disposal, dry stacking is inherently safer and is advantageous where water conservation is of critical concern.
There is also now much emphasis on selective mining and preconcentration, electronic sorting now being an accepted technique for reducing the quantity of ore processed by grinding and concentration, and in many underground mines a considerable amount of tailings can be mixed with binders to produce backfill, reducing the tonnage sent for surface disposal.
Whatever the eventual outcome of the latest catastrophic dam breach, it is another heartbreaking reminder that tailings have not been central to the sustainability agenda of some of the world's largest mines.

Twitter @barrywills

Tuesday, 29 January 2019

MEI Online Update #430

Hello Everyone,
First off, I need to remind you that the deadline for abstracts for Computational Modelling '19 and Physical Separation '19 is the end of this week. If you would like to submit an abstract but are running late, please contact Barry to let him know. These events will run back-to-back in Falmouth, Cornwall, UK this June.
There is also a Final Call for Papers for Flotation '19. Taking place, as usual, in November in Cape Town at the fantastic Vineyard Hotel, this is the 9th event in a series which just keeps on going from strength to strength. If flotation is your thing then do your best to join us! And if you are interested in exhibiting, please contact Jon asap as there are now only 5 booths left. The exhibition area is integral to this event - the welcome reception, and all lunches and coffee breaks are held there. See the diagram to the right.

"It is now widely accepted that this series of Conferences are 'must attend' events for both flotation researchers and practitioners. The great value of attending the Conference is that it provides an excellent forum for an exchange of views among those doing more fundamental research and those from industry who are able to share their successes and challenges with the audience."
Cyril O'Connor, IMPC Chairman
And I mustn't forget that there is a First Announcement of Hi-Tech Metals '20 and Process Mineralogy '20, which will take place back-to-back in October 2020 in Cape Town, South Africa.
We have had a couple more sponsors join us in the last few weeks. I announced in the last newsletter that regular MEI Conferences sponsor, Zeiss, are sponsoring Flotation '19, and now they have also signed up as sponsors of Comminution '20, Process Mineralogy '20, and Hi-Tech Metals '20.
I'm also very pleased to be able to announce that Hudbay Minerals are sponsoring Physical Separation '19, Flotation '19, and Comminution '20. This is the first time that Hudbay Minerals have sponsored an MEI conference so a big thank you from us all!
Best regards,
Amanda
linkedin.com/amandawills
facebook.com/MEIConferences
Twitter @MEIChat
Computational Modelling '19

Minerals Engineering Conferences
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* Final Call for Papers: Computational Modelling '19
* Final Call for Papers: Physical Separation '19
* Call for Papers: Flotation '19
* First Announcement: Comminution '20
* First Announcement: Biomining '20
* First Announcement: Sustainable Minerals '20
* First Announcement: Hi-Tech Metals '20
* First Announcement: Process Mineralogy '20

Analytical Techniques & Applied Mineralogy
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* First Announcement: Process Mineralogy '20
* Recently Refereed Publication:
Hydrometallurgy Vol.182

Analytical Techniques & Applied Mineralogy is sponsored by FEI

Biotechnology
~~~~~~~~~
* First Announcement: Biomining '20
* Conference Announcement: International Biohydrometallurgy Symposium (IBS) 2019
* Recently Refereed Publication:
Hydrometallurgy Vol.182

Comminution
~~~~~~~~~
* First Announcement: Comminution '20
* Conference Report: CEEC Mt.Isa Workshop
* CEEC Medal Applications Open
* Metso Completes the Divestment of its Grinding Media Business to Moly-Cop
* Crush It! Challenge - Develop the Next Generation of Mining
* Recently Refereed Publication:
Powder Technology Vol.342

Comminution is sponsored by Russell Mineral Equipment

Computer Applications
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* Call for Papers: Computational Modelling '19
* New Powder Calibration Report Provides Guidelines for Simulation of Powder Handling Processes Using Discrete Element Modeling
* Even More Particles, Faster with EDEM 2019
* Recently Refereed Publication:
Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification Vol.135

Environmental Issues
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* First Announcement: Sustainable Minerals '20
* Russian Project Aims to Clean up Smelting
* Mineworx Joint Venture with Enviroleach Begins Second Phase of Electronic Waste Concentration Plant
* Recently Refereed Publications:
Journal of Cleaner Production Vol.210
Hydrometallurgy Vol.182, 2018

Froth Flotation
~~~~~~~~~~
* Call for Papers: Flotation '19
* Flotation ’19: Call for Abstracts
* Recently Refereed Publications:
Powder Technology Vol.342
Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification Vol.135
Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects Vol.562
Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects Vol.561
Froth Flotation is sponsored by FLSmidth

General Minerals Engineering
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* First Announcement: Hi-Tech Metals '20
* Conference Announcement: BMPC 2019 (XVIIIth Balcan Mineral Processing Congress)
* Conference Announcement: IMPC-EURASIA 2019
* Conference Report: CRC Ore Annual Assembly 2018
* The Launching of the Latest SME Mineral Processing Handbook

Gravity Concentration
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* Call for Papers: Physical Separation '19
* Recently Refereed Publication:
Powder Technology Vol.342

Hydrometallurgy
~~~~~~~~~~~
* First Announcement: Biomining '20
* Conference Announcement: International Biohydrometallurgy Symposium (IBS) 2019
* Development of E3 Metals’ Extraction Technology Improves Lithium Concentration and Recovery
* Recently Refereed Publication:
Hydrometallurgy Vol.182

Magnetic/Electrical Separation
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* Call for Papers: Physical Separation '19
* 2018 Marks a Record Year of Sales for Eddy Current Separators

Materials Handling
~~~~~~~~~~~~
* Metso Ships First Batch of Valves with 3D Printed Parts

Reagents
~~~~~~
* BASF and Guangdong Provincial Government Sign Framework Agreement to Establish Verbund Site in Zhanjiang, China
* Recently Refereed Publication:
Hydrometallurgy Vol.182

Reagents is sponsored by Axis House

Sizing, Classification & Sorting
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* Call for Papers: Physical Separation '19
* FLSmidth: Completely Re-engineered Trommel Chassis and Screen Media Package

Solid-Liquid Separation
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* Call for Papers: Physical Separation '19

Solid-Liquid Separation is sponsored by FLSmidth

Plant Operations
~~~~~~~~~~~
* FLSmidth to Expand Hindalco’s Alumina Refinery in Odisha, India
* Zambia’s Largest Manganese Smelter Under Construction by Chinese Firm
* Nordic Gold Completes 1,234 Ounce First Pour
* Jubilee Secures More Chrome Processing Capacity
* ABB Gearless Mill Drive & Digital Services Help Increase Production by 50% at Kinross Tasiast
* Copper Miner Collahuasi Plans $3.2 Billion Investment to Boost Production
* Alba Starts Biggest Furnace in its History
* MACA to Refurbish Adaman’s Kirkalocka Gold Project in Western Australia
* Roxgold Announces Under Budget Completion of Bagassi South Project
* Advanced Milling Control System Yields Productivity Increase at the Asanko Gold Mine

Plant Operations News Australasia is sponsored by Magotteaux

Plant Operations News Europe is sponsored by Holman-Wilfley

People News
~~~~~~~~
* Dr. Ying Gu (1956-2019)
* Major Chinese Award to Prof. Jan Miller
* Dr. Zhiyong Gao Becomes Youngest Vice-Dean at Central South University, China
* Prof. Janusz Laskowski Honoured by Special Journal Issue
* SMI PhD Student Presents at Falling Walls Lab Australia
* Join the Minerals Engineers LinkedIn Group
People News Australia is sponsored by JKMRC & JKTech

Commodities
~~~~~~~~~
New items in:
* Aluminium - News
* Aluminium - Refereed Publications
* Copper - News
* Copper - Refereed Publications
* Diamond - News
* Gold - News
* Gold - Refereed Publications
* Iron - Refereed Publications
* Lithium - News
* Lithium - Conference Announcements
* Manganese - News
* Phosphates - Refereed Publications
* Platinum Group Metals - Refereed Publications
* Quartz - Refereed Publications
* Rare Earths & Thorium - News
* Rare Earths & Thorium - Refereed Publications
* Tungsten - Refereed Publications
* Uranium - Conference Announcements
* Zinc - News
* Zinc - Refereed Publications
* Zirconium - Refereed Publications