Sunday, 13 March 2022

Memories of BioHydromet '02, Cape Town

Immediately following Pyrometallurgy '02 (posting of 11th March), BioHydromet '02 began 20 years ago today at the Mount Nelson Hotel, Cape Town. Attended by around 70 delegates from 17 countries, this was MEI's first Bio and Hydrometallurgical conference, and was held in association with the Western Cape Branch of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy.

The photos below were taken at the wine tasting and conference dinner at the Groot Constantia Wine Estate. There will be a few familiar faces I'm sure.

@barrywills

Friday, 11 March 2022

Memories of Pyromet '02, Cape Town

MEI's 1st International Symposium on Pyrometallurgy (Pyromet '02) began 20 years ago today. It was organised in collaboration with the Western Cape Branch of the SAIMM, and was sponsored by the University of Queensland's Pyrometallurgy Research Centre, PYROSEARCH. It was held at the Mount Nelson Hotel, situated in the heart of Cape Town, under Table Mountain, and had an attendance of about 40 delegates, representing 11 different countries.

The wine flowed at the conference dinner at South Africa's oldest wine estate, Groot Constantia, and at the wine tasting which preceded it. I'm sure you will recognise some of the people at Groot Constantia in the photos below:


@barrywills

Monday, 7 March 2022

Good to be back to face-to-face at the SME Annual Meeting 2022 in Salt Lake City

I was in Salt Lake City last week for the Annual Meeting of the Society for Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration (#MINEXCHANGE2022), my first face-to-face conference since the SME Meeting in Phoenix two years ago. Salt Lake City is the state capital of Utah, the primary global producer of beryllium, the only domestic producer of magnesium metal, and just one of two states in the USA producing lithium used in rechargeable batteries. It is also a major producer of bentonite, gold, vanadium, and famously copper, as the world's largest and deepest open-pit mine, Bingham Canyon, or the Kennecott Copper Mine, a large porphyry copper deposit, is only 30 miles southwest of the city.

Since the blog began in 2009 I have reported on each SME Annual Meeting, apart from last year when the event was held online due to Covid. My reports cover six meetings in Denver, three in Phoenix and one each in Minneapolis, Seattle and Salt Lake City. The last meeting in Utah was in 2014 and attracted what was then a record number of delegates, over 6700, with 539 exhibitors. So in the first major conference in the era of the 'new normal' it was interesting to see what would transpire from this venture into the unknown. 

As always I must emphasise that this is by no means a definitive report of the meeting. It is too huge for that and I avoid the many parallel technical sessions, preferring to stroll around the exhibition area and catch up with old friends and hopefully meet new ones.

This therefore is my personal diary of my two full days at the meeting.

Sunday February 27th
The SME Bookshop is always one of my first ports of call, to see the friendly staff led by Jane Oliver, and to catch up on any new publications, as well as seeing how the 8th edition of Mineral Processing Technology is doing!

SME has just released the Tailings Management Handbook: A Life-Cycle Approach, an important and timely resource, because as long as we have mining and mineral processing tailings and their responsible management will remain at the forefront, with a company’s environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance in part a reflection of how well tailings risks are being managed.

Edited by Kimberly Finke Morrison, the Senior Director, Global Tailings Management, of Newmont Mining, the manual contains the contributions of more than 100 world-renowned experts and delves into the basics of tailings facilities, including life-cycle planning, site and tailings characterization, design and construction, as well as systems and operations of tailings storage facilities.

Opening a successful new mine is a vastly complex undertaking, entailing several years and million to billions of dollars. In today’s world, when environmental and labour policies, regulatory compliance, and the impact of the community must be factored in, mistakes can be very costly. The 2nd edition of Project Management for Mining: Handbook for Delivering Project Success has just been published and is a road map written by two mining project managers with decades of experience in bringing some of the world’s most successful, profitable mines into operation on time, within budget, and ethically. It is in use as course material in universities around the world. In addition, more than 100 different mining companies have sent employees to attend seminars conducted by authors Robin Hickson and Terry Owen, sessions all based around the material within this book.

The SME Bookshop team of Theo Warrior, Jane Oliver and Kendra Elrod

The exhibition opened for a couple of hours late in the afternoon, giving us a chance to experience the 'new normal, as the SME had emailed all delegates to advise that wearing of face masks was mandatory and anyone not complying would be asked to leave the event.

So when I called in at the giant FLSmidth display to meet my old friend Dariusz Lelinski, Global Product Director, who has played a big part in all MEI's flotation conferences, all conversation was behind face coverings. It was good to meet Elizabeth Klestov, who has been in charge of global marketing for over 2 years now, and to have confirmation that FLSmidth will, as always, be sponsoring the next flotation conference, Flotation '23 in Cape Town in November next year.

In the photo below are Dariusz, me, Lance Christodoulou, Steve Merrill and Elizabeth, by the new WEMCO II flotation machine and the REFLUX Flotation Cell (RFC).

The WEMCO II is hailed as the "next generation" flotation machine and was to be launched at Flotation '21, but as the conference was online it is launched this week at SME. Over many decades  the original WEMCO flotation cells built their reputation on delivering the highest recovery. WEMCO II is said to deliver the same benefits as its predecessor, along with changes to the rotor and stator/hood that greatly improve power consumption, air flow and pumping. 

I have dealt with numerous papers for Minerals Engineering over recent years on the Reflux Classifier (RC), which was invented by Prof. Kevin Galvin, of the University of Newcastle, Australia, for gravity separation of fine particles. Kevin will be presenting a couple of papers at Physical Separation '22 in May, including a keynote lecture

With FLSmidth collaboration the REFLUX Flotation Cell has been developed from the RC and is on display this week, and although it is the smallest industrial scale version of the RFC it is a very impressive looking device. The RFC operates at a magnitude far beyond the capacity of existing flotation devices, reducing the required installation footprint. Its novel arrangement enhances the hydrodynamics of flotation, with the ability to recover a wide size distribution of minerals at a rate of up to 7-10 times faster than traditional methods. The frothless system allows for stable flotation, enhanced gangue rejection, and quicker kinetics, pushing the boundaries on concentrate grade, recovery, and throughput well beyond the performance of conventional open tank systems. 

Moving on I was surprised to see that most people had removed their face masks, and experience in UK has shown that enforcing face mask rules is almost impossible, so when I stopped off at the booth of Comminution '23 sponsor Derrick Corporation, there was not a face covering to be seen.

Derrick Corporation is a pioneer of wet and dry fine sceening and their latest designs are commonly used now in grinding circuits as alternatives to hydrocyclones.  On display was a section of their SuperStack 8-deck, the highest capacity fine wet screening machine in the world.

The Derrick Corporation team

International Mining is a long term media partner for MEI Conferences, so it was good to catch up with the team, fellow travellers from the UK. Left to right below are Phil Playle. Paul Moore and Daniel Gleeson.

Before leaving the exhibition I caught up with Mark Oles of Eirich Machines, USA, who was discussing Eirich's mixing and fine grinding capabilities with potential clients. He talked about various projects that he has recently undertaken involving the dry and wet grinding of brittle minerals. As richer ores become exhausted finer-grained resources need to be economically processed and Eirich offers the TowerMill, a vertically agitated media mill, as an economical solution. Eirich Machines are part of the worldwide Eirich Group, and were represented at last year's Comminution '21 by Sam Palaniandy of Nippon Eirich, Australia, who presented work on the modelling of the gravity stirred mill. 

Mark Oles (right)in the Eirich booth

Monday 28th February

A full day strolling around the exhibits and hoping for a few surprises. It's a bit like going on safari; you might see nothing, or you might see the 'big five'.

The first sighting was Prof. Erik Spiller, of Colorado School of Mines, and then, shortly after, a student from the same mining school introduced himself to me. Nursultan Fazylgaliyev is from Kazakhstan and studying for an MEng degree before returning to Kazakhstan.

With Erik Spiller
Nursultan Fazylgaliyev

Also good to catch up with Prof. Courtney Young, of Montana Tech. Courtney was the 2021 recipient of the SME's coveted Antoine Gaudin Award, but as last year's event was online he was not able to receive it in person and I was unable to take the usual photo of the award winners.

With Courtney Young
Last year's virtual presentation of the award

Unfortunately, due to too much talking, I missed the awards photo-shoot again this year. The Antoine Gaudin Award recipient was James E. Gebhardt, who is a technical specialist at FLSmidth, USA. He was the first guest editor of the SME journal Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration, which was launched at the SME Meeting in Denver in 2019. He is in the automation section at the minerals technology center for FLSmidth, working on the application of sensors and measuring devices for the minerals processing industry. He is also part of a team developing a comprehensive model of the heap leach process using computational fluid dynamic modeling. 

SME President Barb Arnold presenting a commemorative plaque to Jim Gebhardt,
as guest editor of the new journal, in Denver in 2019

The Milton E. Wadsworth Award  was to Matthew Jeffrey, Director of Processing at Newmont Goldcorp Corporation, USA who I met at the SME Meeting in Phoenix in 2016

Matthew Jeffrey, and his wife Marianne with Ron and Elspeth Woods
in Phoenix, 2016

The Robert H. Richards Award was received by Kathleen A. Altman, CEO and Consulting Metallurgical Engineer at AKA Pros, Inc., USA.

Continuing my tour of the exhibition I talked gravity concentration with Jayden Wright of Mineral Technologies, a world leader in spiral technology. The company designs, manufactures and supplies the MD range of gravity separation equipment including spirals, shaking tables and slurry distribution and laundering systems. The Australian based head office houses the world's largest spiral manufacturing facility and produces over 20,000 starts annually. 

Jayden Wright (left) of Mineral Technologies

Many of the regular companies have downsized this year, not knowing what to expect after the pandemic. The Eriez booth was minus its usual Flotation Division members and even the giant filter press of Tons per Hour, always the biggest piece of equipment on display, had fewer plates than usual.

Eriez representatives
The Tons per Hour filter press

Dr. Marcos de Paiva Bueno is CEO and Founder of Geopyörä, which has been in existence for just over a year. The small company offers state-of-the-art rock breakage characterisation technology which allows mining companies to rapidly test several samples at low cost and generate a large amount of high quality data, which can be used to better assess the ore hardness variability, reduce risks and add value to projects. Marcos presented a paper on this at Comminution '21 and has already signed up to exhibit at Comminution '23 in Cape Town next year.

Marcos has more than 15 years of work and research experience in the fields of mining and mineral processing engineering, having an in-depth knowledge on the design and optimisation of comminution circuits as well as geometallurgy. He completed a PhD degree at the University of Queensland in 2012 specialising in multi-component autogenous and semi-autogenous grinding, and supervised by Prof. Malcolm Powell, who is now Chief Technical Officer for the company.

Marcos has carried out extensive comminution circuit surveys as well as pilot plant campaigns both in Australia and internationally. Working as a senior process engineer for Ausenco he has been involved in technical and engineering studies related to most key mining commodities and, more recently, as a senior researcher and lecturer at the University of Oulu he developed the Geopyörä breakage test with financial support from Business Finland.

A pleasant surprise was seeing and chatting to Robert Seitz, who retired from Freeport-McMoRan in 2016 and who I keep in touch with mainly via social media, as he is a regular contributor to the Minerals Engineers Group on LinkedIn and the MEI Blog. He is now a Director and helps create and teach courses for Metcelerate (posting of 7 December 2020), a workplace-based training program for mineral processing engineers to transform their value to the organisation by translating academic knowledge and skills to practice. It is estimated that less than 10% of what metallurgists need to perform optimally on the job they learn at university. There is a need for practical training to build technical competence and Metcelerate was created by world-leading subject matter experts that have a unique combination of skills, networks, industry and education experience. They have worked and trained across the world solving industry problems and improving mining profitability.

Before leaving the exhibits I had a very interesting talk with Alan Fischer and Bret Cousins in the Corrxan Inc booth. Bret Cousins is CEO of Canadian company Corrxan, which partners with companies to develop new applications in mineral processing for existing chemistry from outside the industry. One of the partners is Alan Fischer's Fischerchem, formed in 2014 in Singapore, a strategic location enabling the company to support mines throughout the Asia Pacific region. Their partnership includes current developments in improved talc depression, fine sulfide particle flotation chemistry, and a mercury precipitant that does not cause silver losses in cyanidation circuits. Both Bret and Alan are keen to be involved in Flotation '23 in Cape Town next year.

Bret and Alan

It has been a very interesting day. To use my safari analogy, mineral processors have been very thin on the ground this year, and no large herds were seen, but the rare sightings made it a rewarding experience. 

Tuesday March 1st

My final day of prowling the exhibition savannah on the hunt for elusive mineral processors. Much of the general talk is about the increasingly dire situation in Ukraine, where the news gets worse daily.

There was a lot of activity around the giant Metso:Outotec display and near there I met Pengbo Chu, who is an assistant professor at the University of Reno, working on the processing of lithium clays and rare earths. He is hoping that he might be able to present something at Sustainable Minerals '22.

Metso:Outotec
Pengbo Chu

Passing the Metcom Technologies booth I was pleased to see Rob McIvor and his colleagues Omar Arafat and Kyle Bartholomew. Rob presented a keynote lecture at Comminution '16. Metcom is a world leader in training and knowledge transfer in mineral grinding circuits.

Omar, Rob and Kyle

It's always nice to catch up with Osvaldo Bascur at SME's. Osvaldo is Principal with OSB Digital, LLC., USA. He is a well known figure at international conferences, and was a recipient of the SME's prestigious Antoine Gaudin Award in 2014. In 2017 Osvaldo was the subject of one of my MEI interviews, and in June will present a keynote lecture at Integration, Optimisation & Design of Mineral Processing Circuits (IntegratedMinPro '22).

With Osvaldo Bascur

And another pleasant surprise- by the FLSmidth display I saw my old friend Guven Onal, formerly mining professor at Istanbul Technical University, now President of the Turkish Mining Development Foundation. I have known Guven for over 35 years, since the first of the biennial Turkish International Mineral Processing Symposia, which was held in Izmir in September 1986. I had the honour of presenting the first paper, on research needs in mineral processing, and Guven was my session chairman.

Guven by FLSmidth's WEMCO II flotation machine

The first session at IMPS 1986, Izmir, Guven is 2nd right

Also in the FLSmidth area was Roe-Hoan Yoon, a University Distinguished Professor at Virginia Tech, who was awarded the IMPC's Lifetime Achievement Award in 2014. Prof. Yoon has been much involved with FLSmidth's MissionZero sustainability programme to reduce emissions in cement and mining to zero by 2030. Cement and mining operations have a significant impact on the environment, accounting for approximately 10% of all CO2 emissions. MissionZero aims to take the lead in bringing these industries into a sustainable future, by helping miners produce more with less resource use and to create a smaller footprint by offering solutions that support zero water waste, zero emissions and zero energy waste by 2030.

Prof. Yoon and FLSmidth's Dariusz Lelinski at the MissionZero display

Moving on I met a fellow Brit, Trevor Sparks of SNC-Lavalin, UK, with his colleague Mark Adams, of SNC-Lavalin, Canada. Trevor is hoping to attend the next Cornish Mining Sundowner in Falmouth.
Mark and Trevor

Passing the Chevron Phillips Chemical booth I noticed Montana Tech's Courtney Young in animated conversation with worldwide sales manager David Miller, metallurgical manager Debbie Laney and product manager JX Loh. Chevron Phillips Chemical provides the Orfom solvent extraction and flotation reagents and Courtney presented work on Orfom D8 as a chalcopyrite depressant in the flotation of Cu-Mo bulk concentrates at Flotation '19. David I first met at the SAIMM Base Metals Conference in Zambia in 2015.

Courtney Young with David, JX and Debbie

My final visit was to catch up with the Solvay Mineral Processing Chemicals team, always a big delegation, highlighting their importance in the field of reagent chemistry. The company was a sponsor of Flotation '21 and intend to sponsor Flotation '23 next year in Cape Town. The company launched its new digital Mining Chemicals Handbook this week at SME. 

And so my safari around the exhibition came to an end. It has been a very rewarding few days in Salt Lake City, and, as always, the SME has proven to be one of the great meeting places for members of our profession. If you were there I invite your personal views of the event. I look forward to next year's meeting, February 26th-March 1st in my favourite venue of Denver.

Thanks to all at SME for the seamless organisation as always.

@barrywills

Friday, 4 March 2022

New book: Practical Ore Mineralogy

I am pleased to see a new book on ore mineralogy published, as MEI's 6th Process Mineralogy conference will be held this November in Sitges, Spain.

Practical Ore Mineralogy aims to assist mineral processing engineers who have received minimal training in identifying minerals during their degree. It presents simple techniques to identify minerals in hand specimens not requiring sophisticated instruments. There is also a description of the main ore mineral groups and their mineral associations. 

The author of the book is Mike Wort, who trained as a Mining Geologist at the Royal School of Mines, Imperial College in London, and his first job was at Bibiani, an operating underground gold mine in Ghana. In 1965 he joined CRA Exploration, and spent two years in Papua New Guinea and the Solomons, with most of his time spent at the Bougainville copper deposit.

In 1968 he completed an MSc in Mineral Process Design and then returned to Australia to work as a mineralogist and mineral processing engineer, gaining experience at AMDEL in Adelaide, Mount Isa in Queensland, and the heavy mineral sands industry south of Perth. In late 1976 he returned to Imperial College for PhD studies on the magnetic properties of altered ilmenite, returning to Australia in 1980 to gain further experience with a range of companies including BHP, WMC, Greenbushes Tin, the WA Mines Department and Rio Tinto. In recent years he has focused on plant design and feasibility studies, chiefly for the iron ore and gold industries, with some consulting for the lead-zinc industry around the world.

The book's content draws on Mike's research over the last 50 years and mineral industry experience from around the world and includes information from both the fields of Mining Geology and Mineral Technology.

Tuesday, 1 March 2022

February: Living with Covid; travelling again; the green energy transition

Early in February a director of the World Health Organisation said that Europe is entering the "plausible endgame" of the pandemic, and last week all Covid laws in England ended, including the need to self-isolate after a positive Covid test. Cynics would say that, with infection rates still high, this is a political move to divert attention from Downing Street parties. The move took many experts by surprise, with one describing it as either brave or stupid. Time will tell. 

Also last week, on the 21st, Australia reopened its international border to all fully vaccinated travellers, two years after the border closure. Three days later I took the train from Truro to London, on the day on which Russian President Vladimir Putin launched his unprovoked invasion of Ukraine. 

The front page of The Times says it all

A day later, after taking a Covid-test at Heathrow I at last boarded a plane again, bound for the USA, and now here I am in Utah at the SME Annual Meeting in Salt Lake City.

The 'new normal'

With socialising in England now back to 'normal', the day before the mining sundowner in Camborne I met up with Mike Joll, who hosted me in Ipoh, Malaysia, when I visited the alluvial tin mines in 1981 (posting of 25 May 2020). Mike worked for the tin mining company Osborne and Chappel, and he is co-author of a book on Malaysian tin mining.

Dinner with local miners in Ipoh in 1981 (Mike Joll is 4th from left)

Mike left Osborne and Chappel in 1982 and worked at the now abandoned Mamut open pit copper mine in Sabah, Malaysia, before returning to Ipoh, sourcing ilmenite for a titanium plant. Subsequently he was in Indonesia, West Africa, Philippines and Laos involved in alluvial mining/prospecting for diamonds, gold and tin. After such an interesting life he is now retired in Callington, east Cornwall and we hope to see him at future mining sundowners.

41 years on, with Mike in Truro

Energy was very much in the news last month, particularly the rising gas prices, partially caused by resurgent global demand, and which will soon be exacerbated by the war in Ukraine and the sanctions imposed on Russia, a major supplier of gas to Europe. Despite major oil companies declaring huge profits, many people are struggling to heat their homes, and there have been calls for a windfall tax on these companies. 

Someone tweeted that now is the time to switch to renewables, and this immediately went viral with thousands of likes. If only it were that simple, but it isn't of course. Even the Government at last are beginning to realise that fossil fuels will be needed for the transition to green energy and Chancellor Rishi Sunak has said he wants to encourage more investment in new fossil fuel drilling, with reports that six new oil and gas fields are to be approved in the North Sea this year.

"Bring back fracking", said the newly appointed Brexit opportunities minister, the ludicrous Jacob-Rees Mogg, in one of the few sensible statements he has ever made. This is unlikely to happen, however, as this controversial method of extracting shale gas was banned in November 2019 amid concerns that it was causing earthquakes. Cuadrilla, the company involved with the project near Blackpool in Lancashire are to plug and abandon two shale gas wells as many protests took place at the site. 

Wind energy did come to the fore, however, on the 18th of the month when the UK was hit by the worst storm in 30 years. Storm Eunice caused havoc and wind turbines produced 39% of the UK's energy on that day; this compares with 19% over the course of last year.

Central to the transition to green energy is the move to electric vehicles, and the UK has a target of ending the sale of new petrol and diesel cars by 2030. However the government has been warned it is falling dangerously behind in its plans to build a British battery industry, with manufacturing capacity forecast to be barely half the needed level by the end of the decade, according to data produced by Benchmark Mineral Intelligence, one of the world's leading authorities on the battery industry. The report shows that the UK will have to increase the supply of lithium, cobalt and graphite, critical ingredients in battery production, by staggering amounts, as much as 90 times the current level, to have any hope of supplying that industry. With hundreds of thousands of jobs dependent on the transition, this raises deep questions about Britain's economic trajectory in the coming years. The figure below shows how much the UK will have to increase its supplies of lithium, cobalt and graphite by 2030.

There was some good news on energy, however, as for 5 seconds a laboratory in Oxfordshire became the hottest spot in the Universe, breaking the world record for the amount of energy produced by nuclear fusion (see Visions of the Future). There is a long way to go, however, before fusion becomes a viable commercial operation, and it certainly won't solve the current energy crisis, and is unlikely to contribute to the goal of zero carbon by 2050 (posting of 21 July 2019).

And finally, on a personal note, get well soon Jon. He has been hobbling around on crutches after tearing a calf muscle in a cycling accident in late January, ironically after some serious skiing in Oregon a couple of weeks earlier.

@barrywills