Metplant '13 was held at the Pan Pacific Hotel, Perth, Western Australia, from 14-17 July. It developed the themes from previous MetPlant conferences which encompass mineral processing, hydrometallurgy, biometallurgy, pyrometallurgy, water and tailings management, emissions management and energy efficiency. This year the conference concentrated on the practical matters of design, including feasibility studies, geometallurgy, process and equipment selection, construction and commissioning, and improvements to operations. The themes also included control and instrumentation, management strategies, green processing studies, and whole of life planning and operations through to closure and rehabilitation.
The conference was attended by around 300 delegates, with 38 exhibitors, only slightly down on the record attendance at
Metplant '11, excellent considering the current depressed state of the industry. It's good to see that the quality conferences survive, despite the ups and downs of the commodity market.
The conference got under way in the late afternoon of Sunday 14th July, with the
GD Delprat Distinguished Lecture on Flotation given by
Prof. Graeme Jameson, Laureate Professor at the University of Newcastle, Australia. His lecture
Size matters- coarse and quick flotation can reduce costs discussed the ever-present need to reduce the costs of mining and milling operations. It is well known that the largest cost in milling is the energy consumed in size reduction, particularly in grinding. Some progress has been made in reducing energy consumption in grinding, through better use of existing technologies, and the introduction of grinding methods such as high-pressure grinding rolls. However, most attention is usually given to the grinding operation itself, with little reference to downstream separation processes beyond a target grind size. Since flotation is widely used to separate the values from the gangue, the particle size distribution of the particles leaving the grinding circuit is generally determined by the known capabilities of conventional flotation machines.
Existing flotation machines work very well for sizes typically in the range of 50 to 150 microns. If the upper size limit for flotation could be increased, by innovations in machine design, there would be dramatic reductions in grinding energy, which would lead to savings of great consequence for the running costs of the whole mining/milling operation.
In his talk, the effect of the final grind size from the grinding circuit on the energy costs for a typical base metal concentrator were discussed, with reference to a simple grind/float/re-grind/float circuit. Potential savings will arise not only from the reduction in energy costs, but also in the media costs that are of the same order. The talk finished with considerations of the way in which the flotation process could be improved, to increase the recovery of coarse particles, using new and innovative technology, such as fluidised bed flotation.
An important observation made by Graeme in his conclusions was that flotation researchers and comminution specialists should talk more to each other. He gave the example of MEI's Flotation and Comminution conferences which tend to have delegates dedicated only to each of these events.
Flotation'13 and
Comminution '14 will indeed be dominated by the leading international specialists in these fields, but I agree that interaction between these specialists is also needed. There are many good interdisciplinary conferences, however.
Metplant is one of them, the AusIMM's
Mill Operators is another. Maybe some thought should be given to eclectic sessions at these conferences. Rather than grouping the sessions into specialist areas, it might be productive to have sessions with a mix of papers- a comminution paper, for example, being followed by one on flotation, then a gravity separation paper etc. This may lead to fresh ideas from people outside a particular specialty. What are your views on this?
Monday 15th July
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| David Pollard |
After a welcome from conference convenor
David Pollard, the conference was officially opened by
Michael Catchpole, Chief Executive of TheAusIMM.
The first keynote lecture
Is Bigger Better? Building market resilience into process plant design was presented by
Peter McCarthy of AMC Consultants. In an environment of accelerating capital costs, limited capital availability and strongly cyclic metal prices, there is a difference between a robust mining and processing operation and one that would maximise shareholder returns in an idealised world. A higher cut-off grade policy is likely to improve operating margins and may reduce the scale of operations and thus limit capital exposure. This will leave some metal in the ground, but it is marginal material which carries the greatest cost and risk exposures. Where do we draw the line?
Outotec was the principal sponsor of
Metplant '13. The company has grown its comminution portfolio substantially in recent times. Launched at
MetPlant, the company has also added HPGR solutions to its portfolio (see also
MEI Online) and now has one of the broadest ranges of competencies in comminution. Outotec's existing grinding technologies include AG mills, SAG mills, ball mills, rod mills, scrubbers and high intensity grinding mills. The recent acquisition of Scanalyse (
MEI Online), which has developed proprietary computer analysis of spatial laser scan data to determine the condition of mill liners, is a valuable addition to Outotec's existing grinding services portfolio. Outotec presented an impressive five industry papers at MetPlant, covering high intensity grinding, industrial water treatment, flotation power optimisation, Outotec Ausmelt pyrometallurgical solutions and its latest innovative analyser, Courier 8.
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Outotec team of Laura White, Matti Kongas,
Jochen Franke (formerly of Scanalyse) and Ilkka Roitto |
Graeme Jameson spoke yesterday of the need to reduce energy consumption in grinding, by grinding coarser. However, where fine grinding is needed to liberate values, new technologies have been introduced, notably stirred mills.
Ilkka Roitto, of Outotec, showed this morning how stirred milling technology, already proven in many other industries, delivers a modern, sophisticated, flexible and energy efficient grinding solution for fine and ultra fine grinding in minerals processing. Stirred milling technology offers the unique possibility for online control and optimization of the regrind product particle size. Ilkka's paper described the basis of this online control possibility and discussed the implementation of stirred milling technology in minerals processing, particularly in regrinding applications.
Sam Palaniandy of JKMRC also discussed stirred milling, in relation to Metso's VertiMill, around 420 of which have been installed in mineral processing plants, mostly in tertiary and regrind applications, several in secondary grinding duties. JKMRC has developed a VertiMill circuit survey protocol to evaluate the performance of the VertiMill in comminution circuits. Metso and the JKMRC have commenced a collaborative research program in stirred milling technology focusing on developing a VertiMill model for use in design and simulation studies. The survey protocol includes identification of sampling points, appropriateness of sampling tools, circuit stability, modification of sampling points and resources.
With the ever increasing upper particle size limit of stirred mills, there is a school of thought that ball mills may well soon become redundant. Nevertheless the ball mill in closed circuit with hydrocyclones is an industry standard, and well known methodologies exist for equipment sizing, selection and design. However, the potential to improve the capacity of ball mill circuits by replacing cyclones with screens has been known for many years and recently has been successfully realised thanks to developments in fine screening technology. A presentation by
Alex Jankovic of Metso discussed the differences between ball mill circuits closed with cyclones and screens. A methodology was described for equipment sizing and selection for a circuit closed with screens, and an economic evaluation also presented for a case study demonstrating the potential benefits of closing a ball mill circuit with screens.
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Alex Jankovic (3rd left at the Metso booth) with the Metso team
and The AusIMM's David Pollard (left). |
Judging by the level of interest in the Derrick screen exhibited in the Western Process Equipment booth, closing the ball mill circuit with such screens might delay the demise of the ball mill, particularly as these screens are now being used in grinding circuits with apertures as small as 75 microns, with claims for very little blinding due to the shape of the apertures and the unique screen motion. It is expected that screens with apertures as fine as 45 microns will soon be in operation for closing grinding circuits. The benefit of screens rather than hydrocyclones is the precise cut-size and avoidance of over-grinding of heavy mineral particles.
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| Derrick screen demonstration |
Mill liners also contribute significantly to comminution costs and Dominic Connelly of METS discussed how the history of mill liners has evolved over time, in a paper which tracked the changes and development of liner technology. He provided an overview of the primary types of liners, the design and the materials of construction.
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| Dominic Connelly (2nd left) at the METS booth |
Donhad is a company I have not heard of before, but since 1965 they have been providing many of Australia's largest mining companies with specialised grinding media and fasteners. Donhad is focused on continuous product research and development, closely supported by the resources of the worldwide Valmont Group. I would love to see them involved with
Comminution '14.
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| Trevor Robinson and Ivan Popowski |
I found
Trevor Robinson of Donhad talking to
Ivan Popowski, Business Development Manager, Australia, of CITIC Heavy Industries, who are hoping to participate in
Comminution '14. CITIC HIC is a global supplier of comminution equipment including grinding mills, crushers and HPGRs. Their main factory is located at Luoyang, China, with a total workforce of approximately 10,000 people of which more than 1,200 are professional engineers.
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| Paul Piercy |
The great thing about conferences is catching up with old friends, some from way back in the past. So it was good to see
Paul Piercy, who I last saw 42 years ago! He was my first boss on the concentrator when I arrived in Zambia in 1969 (see
posting of 25 November 2010). He left Zambia in 1971 and worked on various mines, firstly at Tennant Creek, then Bougainville Copper for 6 years and Hamersley Iron for 8 years. He has also worked in coal, and equipment manufacture and is now semi-retired.
An excellent first day was rounded off with the Metso-sponsored conference dinner, which I greatly enjoyed, thanks to the good food and wine, and the great company at my table. It was particularly good to meet Robert Jenkins and his wife, Fiona. Robert was a student of my old pal Terry Veasey at Birmingham University.
Tuesday 16th July
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Darren Hill, Business Development Manager,
MIPAC,with Tim Hausler |
MIPAC senior systems engineer
Tim Hausler gave a paper this morning on achieving success in large-scale, remote area metallurgical plant projects. The winner of the 2012
AusIMM New Professional Award, Tim shared his experiences of working overseas, specifically in Kazakhstan. The paper identified ways that engineers can improve their experiences while working abroad, including how to develop solutions to engineering challenges when collaborating with people from a variety of cultural and language backgrounds. He also addressed how to work effectively with translators, ways to cope with being away from home for extended periods and how to maintain contact with work colleagues at head office.
A challenge on many industrial flotation circuits is controlling concentrate mineral grades using measurements that are provided infrequently. The mineral grades in concentrate streams are a critical performance indicator in any industrial flotation circuit. Failure to achieve concentrate mineral grade targets has significant financial consequences on a flotation operation. A violation of gangue mineral grade limits by the concentrator may also result in significant penalties.
Online grade analysers which can provide reliable real time grade measurements are essential for effective grade optimisation. The
Blue Cube MQi analyser has recently come to prominence for its ability to rapidly determine mineral concentrate grades online and has the benefit of operating in-stream. This has provided excellent insight into the actual process dynamics in the flotation circuit, and hence enabled real-time control and optimisation of concentrate mineral grades. Mintek's Measurement and Control division, South Africa, specialises in advanced control solutions and has had the opportunity to link the
FloatStar Grade-Recovery Optimiser to the measurements provided by the Blue Cube system at the BCL nickel concentrator plant in Botswana, as discussed this morning by
David Phillpotts of Mintek. The project focused on stabilising the final concentrate grade while ensuring the final tailings are minimised, resulting in an improved nickel recovery.
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| At the Blue Cube booth |
With her outgoing personality and sharp mind,
Diana Drinkwater is a great ambassador for Australia's JKTech. She is pictured talking to
Steve Gibson, Senior Director of Pacific Consolidated Industries (PCI), of USA, a leading manufacturer of on-site Oxygen VSA technology, who are just breaking into the minerals industry. High levels of dissolved oxygen are essential to the gold/silver mining industry's leaching process. Increasing the dissolved oxygen level in gold / silver bearing slurry enhances the cyanidation process, as well as reducing cyanide and waste treatment costs. Steve explained to me and Diana how his company's commercial oxygen solutions offer the complete package: generation, storage, and distribution. Their equipment is fully automatic, easy to maintain, and produces a continuous flow of oxygen directly to the leaching tanks. We talked about showcasing this at next year's
Biohydromet '14 conference in Falmouth.
The smelting of concentrates and secondary materials has been subject to increasing challenges in recent years due to declining grades of feed materials, increasing impurity levels and ever more stringent environmental regulations. In addition there has been a growing focus on maximising the efficiency of energy usage and recovery of values. New opportunities have been created with rising metals prices and improved systems for the collection of secondary materials giving rise to a need for more flexible process solutions. A paper by
Stephen Hughes, of Outotec, focused on a number of specific cases where a process solution has been developed using the Outotec Ausmelt Process to meet particular feed material challenges and overcome limitations inherent when employing traditional pyrometallurgical processes.
I catch up with
Andrew Hawkey of Bilfinger Water Technologies at many conferences. He explained to me that the company is participating in
Metplant as part of its mission to demonstrate that the Diemme Filtration GHT pressure filter is an environmentally-responsible, economically-viable alternative for mine tailings management. There are mow more than 300 of these units installed. In addition, the GHT-F configuration of this machine is proving to be one of the fastest concentrate filters available.
It was also good to catch up with
Tim Bell (right) and
Nigel Grigg (centre) of Gekko, long term sponsors of
MEI Online's Gravity Concentration pages. Gekko is a recognised leader in the development of new technology for the gravity, intensive leach and modular plant sectors. As an example, they have led a trend into low-capital non CIP/CIL gold plants and in the treatment of complex ores. Furthermore, Gekko is now installing the InLine Pressure Jig as a standard product into diamond operations.
Wednesday 17th July
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Stephen La Brooy (left) and
Greg Lane (right) of Ausenco |
Ausenco is trying to showcase its engineering offerings at different levels at the conference, via three papers.
Greg Lane, Chief Technical Officer at Ausenco, started the final day by delivering a keynote presentation on Project Delivery. Project delivery strategies are determined by a number of matters related to project context, business case requirements, scale of project, market conditions, client preference, contractor's experience, resource and skill availability, project location and type of project or facility. The paper dealt with one component of this in the mining industry context, project delivery strategies. For any given project there is a unique balance between selection of a simple project delivery strategy that minimises interfaces and a complex strategy that necessarily engages the use of expertise and experience from numerous parties. The balance between these "book-end cases" is a function of how the project owner or managing contractor defines its objectives and chooses to manage risk, cost, schedule and project quality, in the context of the conditions affecting the project.
I called in to see
Jeff Aston and his team at the Huntsman booth. Huntsman's Global Performance Products division has over 35 years experience in the mining industry and offers a number of products for mineral processing, with a specific focus on froth flotation and hydrometallurgy. Flotation reagents include frothers, depressants, dispersants, specialty amines and some specialty collectors. Over the last 5 years they have been increasing their involvement in the African Mining Industry and have been present at the last two MEI Flotation Conferences. They feel that the time has come for promoting a greater presence in the region and therefore decided to sponsor November's
Flotation '13 in Cape Town. They are currently working with Protea Mining Chemicals, in Namibia and the DRC specifically, in developing the various opportunities for the supply of mining products, testing and application knowledge.
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| At the Huntsman booth |
This has been an interesting morning for flotation, with two papers from major machine manufacturers.
Ben Murphy of Outotec discussed flotation power optimisation. Traditionally comminution optimisation has been focused on energy minimisation whereas flotation optimisation has been focused on recovery. One of the largest, if not the largest, operating cost over the life of a flotation circuit is power. With increasing pressure on operators to lower production costs and the cost of energy increasing, minimising the power consumption of the flotation circuit can be beneficial to site economics. The paper reviewed the use of power in mechanically agitated forced air flotation machines and looked at strategies to minimise it without adversely impacting product recovery.
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Sergio Vianna of FLSmidth with colleagues
Richard Williams and Luis Riffo |
Sergio Vianna of FLSmidth discussed developments in Dorr Oliver flotation machines. A methodology has been developed to evaluate changes in flotation machine design in order to improve performance, particularly for forced air machines. Over 200-laboratory flotation tests were conducted, with over 100 design combinations showing improved recovery from the original Dorr Oliver design. This resulted in the development of a unique mechanism design (rotor and stator) to decrease power and improve recovery. In addition, some designs have been identified to improve fine and/or coarse particle recovery.
The need to float coarse particles efficiently was highlighted in
Graeme Jameson's lecture on Sunday, so it was interesting to call at the Eriez Flotation Division (EFD) booth to see the company's product line encompassing coarse flotation cells, fine and ultra-fine flotation cells (column cells), gas spargers, mini-pilot plants, slurry distributors and flotation test equipment. EFD has made significant advances in coarse sulphide particle recovery using a novel separation system, the HydroFloat separator. The novel characteristic of this separator is the formation of a hindered "teeter" bed of fluidized bed medium into which small air bubbles are introduced. The primary benefit is the flotation of very coarse sulphide material (up to 1mm) that may otherwise be lost using conventional methods. Maybe there is a major role for such a machine within the grinding circuit, to minimise energy consumption?
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| The Eriez HydroFloat Separator |
In closing the conference, convenor
David Pollard invited delegates to
Metplant '15 which will be held in Perth in September 2015, and to
Mill Operators' Conference 2014 in Townsville in September next year. He also made the award of an AusIMM publication to
Wei Ying Lui of Xstrata Copper, for best paper at the conference
Mount Isa Mines Copper Concentrator- an insight into current and historical practice.
But that was not quite the end of
Metplant 2013. After lunch, around 30 of us took the tour of Hofmann Engineering's impressive Bassendean facility, which included the opportunity to witness the manufacture of 38'-40' diameter mill shells, HPGR rolls and large-diameter forged steel mill girth gears amongst a range of other specialised mining and mineral processing equipment. This really was heavy engineering on a massive scale, but to extreme levels of precision. Hard to believe that this is a family business, started in a tool shed in 1969! Although I have seen many large mills in operation, I have never really given a thought to how they are made, so this was an enlightening experience. As
David Pollard remarked, this was like Swiss watch making on a huge scale! Many thanks to the three generations of Hofmanns for your hospitality- I have rarely been so impressed.
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| Hofmann staff with mill gear |
I have really enjoyed
Metplant '13 and MEI's involvement as a media partner; it was definitely worth the long journey from UK, and I will certainly be back for
Metplant '15. The highlights for me were
Graeme Jameson's flotation lecture on Sunday, identifying the need for an efficient flotation machine to float coarse particles in the grinding circuit, and the demonstration of Eriez's
HydroFloat cell, which apparently can do just that. Prof. Jameson will be at
Flotation '13 in November, and I hope that Eriez will also have a presence at this major conference to showcase their device to an international audience.
It has also been great to meet up with old friends, particularly
Paul Piercy, who I had not seen for 42 years, and to make new acquaintances. This is what conferences are all about, no matter what the quality of the papers.
If I have any concern, it is that the attendance was dominated by
manufacturers, with relatively few operators, despite being in one of the world's great mining areas. This is no fault of The AusIMM, however, more a reflection on the state of the industry. But where were all the young people? One of the things I remember vividly about
Metplant '11 was the number of students, mainly from Murdoch University, all enthusiastic and keen to meet and network with the experienced members of our profession. And where were the academics, particularly from the local Murdoch and Curtin Universities?
Forty nine papers were presented at
Metplant '13 and these are available on the Proceedings CD, from TheAusIMM, price A$55. A final thanks to the convenor,
David Pollard, and to
Alison McKenzie and
Tara Hicks, who work tirelessly and efficiently behind the scenes.
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